PDF of this chapter: intro2chap8.pdf (2.4 MB)
- Distance Ladder
- Introduction
- Direct Methods
- Trigonometric Parallax
- Indirect Methods
- Standard Candles, Main Sequence Fitting
- Variable Stars
- RR Lyrae, Cepheids
- Supernovae
- Supernovae
- Expansion of the Universe
- Edwin Hubble, Redshifts, Hubble Relation
- Summary
- Summary: Distance Ladder
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